Perubahan Iklim, hanya anomali atau terjadi kah?

Perubahan Iklim, hanya anomali atau terjadi kah?

Hari ini fulan kembali mempertanyakan mengenai fenomena alam yang sekarang ini sedang dialami oleh IKLIM. Para ahli menyebutnya Perubahan Iklim atau Climate Change, ada pula yang mengatakan Pemanasan Global atau Global Warming.

Ada yang bilang dampaknya ialah adanya 'perubahan', misalnya kenaikan muka air laut.

Rasa penasarannya pun membawa dia ke dunia maya dan bertemu dengan Jason-1 dan Jason-2 di lokasinya http://sealevel.jpl.nasa.gov/. Berikut hasil pengukuran yang dilakukan oleh kedua Jason dari tanggal 28 November 2010 hingga 8 desember 2010 dan divisualisasi sebagai sea surface height anomaly. di bawah ini:

Peta ini menunjukkan hampir real-time (Near Real Time) tinggi permukaan laut anomali (Sea Surfece Height Anomay - SSHA) pengukuran dari misi satelit altimeter Jason-1 danJason-2. Setiap peta dihasilkan dari 10-hari pengukuran SSHA. Pengukuran dari misi NRT SSHA pengukuran ini biasanya tersedia dalam waktu 5 sampai 7 jam waktu nyata (real time). Pengukuran ini dapat digunakan untuk aplikasi meteorologi (misalnya cuaca), operasi laut (penangkapan ikan yaitu, berperahu, operasi lepas pantai), dan aplikasi lain di mana pengetahuan tentang kondisi arus laut berkaitan dengannya.

sumber : http://sealevel.jpl.nasa.gov/Science/datasources/ssha/

tertarik melihat 'perubahan' yang berupa kenaikan muka air laut berdasarkan data satelit dan data lapangan, silahkan kunjungi: http://climate.nasa.gov/keyIndicators/index.cfm#SeaLevel

Selain dari kenaikan muka air laut, 'perubahan' penduduk juga memaksa bumi menjadi semakin panas dan memanas ketika lahan atau area terbuka hijau perlahan berkurang dan berkurang perlahan-lahan. Hal tersebut disebut-sebut sebagai efek dari urbanisasi yang terjadi di Kota-Kota Besar, salah satunya di Indonesia ialah JAKARTA.

Lihatlah potret Ibukota Indonesia tercinta yakni JAKARTA dalam pigura citra satelit penginderaan jauh (Landsat MSS, Landsat TM dan ASTER) berikut:

Warna biru-hijau merupakan area kekotaan (urban), sedangkan warna merah ialah vegetasi. Sebelah kiri Landsat MSS rekaman tahun 1976 dengan jumlah penduduk sekitar 6juta, di tengah tahun 1989 direkam oleh Landsat TM dengan penduduk yang menghuni Jakarta sekitar 9juta, dan di sebelah kanan ialah citra ASTER rekaman tahun 2004 dengan penduduk sekitar 13juta.

sumber :http://climate.nasa.gov/

Salam 'perubahan',

Aji PP

ARGO News : Chinese scientists cast adrift in a sea of opportunity

ARGO (Array for Real-time Geostrophic Oceanography)
more about ARGO from this blog

ARGO News : Chinese scientists cast adrift in a sea of opportunity
April 15, 2009

Sea-faring robots may be the latest high-profile weapon in the fight against climate change, but are Chinese scientists letting the valuable data they produce go to waste?

Experts working on a major international ocean monitoring project think so - and have blamed the waste on the fact many researchers simply do not know it is free.

Launched at the start of the millennium, ARGO (Array for Real-time Geostrophic Oceanography) is an ongoing and developing program aimed at keeping a regular check on the temperature and salinity of the Seven Seas with satellite-tracked, automated floats.

The robots, which have a lifespan of four years and dive to 2,000 m for 10 days to take crucial measurements, help scientists to better predict changes or trends in the ocean's climate, explained Xu Jianping, a researcher at the second institute of oceanography under the State Oceanic Administration and chief scientist for the China ARGO program.

He said China will deploy around 60 floats this year, 10 of which will be placed in the east of the Bashi Channel, in the northwest Pacific Ocean, during a two-week scientific expedition by researchers from the China Ocean University. They were aboard the vessel Dongfanghong 2, which left Xiamen, in Fujian province, on February 3. Another 50 will be cast adrift in the Indian Ocean between June and September.


Researchers from the China Ocean University aboard the Dongfanghong 2 vessel, which left Xiamen, in Fujian province, on February 3 to deploy ARGO floats in the Pacific Ocean. (Photo: Chinadaily.com.cn)
But while experts in Great Britain, Australia, Japan and the United States have embraced the "revolutionary" research, Xu warned his nation is lagging far behind.

"In most participating countries, scientists from various fields have shown great interest in the ARGO program, with climatologists the most enthusiastic," he explained. "But in China, ARGO is still little known among scientists, except oceanographers.

"Everyone has access to the same data. Even a high school student who wants to be an oceanographer or climatologist can access it on his desktop. He or she could also catch up with the international research and climate change studies using the ARGO data. It would be a great pity if China's scientists miss such a good opportunity."

.............................................................................................................................................................


"ARGO is similar to a satellite in coverage but it's looking at the sub-surface ocean rather than the sea's surface," he said. "So the purpose of having 3,000 floats out there is to give us that sort of dense global coverage that you need in order to really see the variability in the oceans."

The program has so far yielded valuable results that have proved the foundation, or at least a major source, for an annual average of 107 research papers since 2004. The collected data is made available to users quickly and free of restrictions online or on request.

Source: China Daily
more detail news...


Best Regards,
Aji Putra Perdana
ARGO'ers.....

SeaDAS - Level-2 processing MODIS

What is SeaDAS

The SeaWiFS Data Analysis System (SeaDAS) is a comprehensive image analysis package for the processing, display, analysis, and quality control of ocean color data.

Supported satellite sensors are
MODIS, SeaWiFS, OCTS, and CZCS.

SeaDAS Primary Functionalities

Processing programs:

SeaWiFS:	L1A, L1B, L2, L3, and SMI (Standard Mapped Image) processing Map projection of L1, L2, and L3 files L1 and L2 Browse product generation L1A to L0 program for renavigation Interactive L1 coastline registration and L2 QC L1 subscene extraction
MODIS:	L0 to L1A Direct Broadcast processing L1A Geolocation processing L1A subscene extraction L1A to L1B processing L1B to L2 processing L2 and L3 binning SMI processing Map projection of L2 and L3 files
CZCS:	L1A to L1B processing L1 to L2 processing L2 and L3 binning SMI processing
OCTS:	L1A to L1B processing L1B to L2 processing L2 and L3 binning SMI processing

SeaDAS Tutorials

• Sample SeaDAS tutorial scenarios
• General Display Program (seadisp) tutorial

SeaWiFS Data Product Generation Programs:

l1agen_seawifs	Generate L1A file from L0 (HRPT) file
l1bgen	Generate L1B file from L0 (HRPT) file
l2gen,0	Generate L2 file from L1A (GAC, LAC, HRPT) file
l2bin/l3bin	Generate L3 space- or time-binned files from L2 files
smigen	Generate L3 SMI standard mapped product from L3 binned data
browse	Generate L1A browse (Band 865nm) file or L2 browse (chlor_a) file
bl1map	Generate projected L1A HDF file
bl2map	Generate projected L2 HDF file
bl3map	Generate projected L3 HDF file
l0regen_seawifs	Generate L0 file from L1A (HRPT) file

SeaWiFS Data Extraction and Quality Control Programs:

l1aextract_seawifs	L1A and L2 file extraction
register	L1A coastline registration and warping

MODIS Data Product Generation Programs:

l1agen_modis	Generate L1A file from L0 (PDS) file
l1bgen_modis	Generate L1B file from an L1A and GEO file
l2gen,4	Generate L2 file from L1B file
l2bin/l3bin	Generate L3 space- or time-binned files from L2 files
smigen	Generate L3 SMI standard mapped product from L3 binned data

l2gen

Description: This program performs Level-2 processing on MODIS, SeaWiFS, OCTS, or CZCS data and generates Level-2 geophysical products by applying atmospheric corrections and bio-optical algorithms to the sensor data. The input data levels required for l2gen processing are as follows:

• MODIS: input must be an Aqua or Terra L1B file
• SeaWiFS: input may be either an L1A or L1B file
• OCTS: input must be either a NASDA-format L1B file or SIMBIOS-format L1B file
• CZCS: input must be a CZCS L1B file

For a thorough description of the full capabilities of l2gen and details on the UNIX command-line user interface, please refer to the L2GEN User's Guide.

Please read more about l2gen..

Level-2 Products Selection Window:

Description: This window allows the user to select Level-2 output products for the output file specified in the l2gen main window.

**************************************** download SeaDAS****************************

SeaDAS 5.3 released
MODISL1DB 1.5 released

-end-

source informations :
http://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/seadas/
http://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/seadas/doc/l2gen/l2gen.html
http://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/seadas/features.html
http://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/seadas/help.html


** best regards **

^^ good luck to so7 ^^
will you give me smile :) ???

Aji Putra Perdana
http://ajiputrap.blogspot.com/
http://bumiwisata.blogspot.com/

Geospatial Imaging for Climate Change

Geospatial Imaging for Climate Change presented in Plenary Sessions : Geospatial Imaging Technologies and Sustainable Development
Map World Forum 2009 - February 10, 2009 HICC, Hyderabad, India

Dr Shailesh Nayak, Secretary
Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India, India

The changes in atmospheric concentration of green house gases and aerosols, in solar radiation and land surface properties have altered the energy balance of the climate system of the earth. The increase in green house gases is primarily due to fossil fuel use, land use changes and agriculture. In order to understand the causes of change and their likely impact, the observation needs to encompass atmosphere (cloud properties, radiative energy fluxes, precipitation, aerosol properties, wind, humidity, temperature, etc), atmospheric chemistry, solar radiation, land (land cover, land use changes, vegetation dynamics, soil moisture, etc), ocean (temperature, salinity, phytoplankton, sea surface wind, sea surface topography) and cryosphere (land ice, sea ice, snow cover). During the last thirty years, host of satellites have provided very useful data on many of the above mentioned parameters. Microwave radiometers and optical multispectral data have provided vital data on changes in ice cover on polar regions and glacier retreat on Himalayas. Altimeters provided data on sea-level-rise and on ocean circulation especially during the last fifteen years. Thermal radiometers provided data on rise of sea surface temperature. The growth and decay of ozone hole over the years has been monitored by satellites. It is necessary to evolve a measurement strategy (overlap, sampling, calibration and data continuity) to improve accuracy and scientific content for future satellites.

Argo Float, Aqua MODIS,NOAA-AVHRR, ODV, SeaDAS

Lama kutidak melihat Argo Float...Sebuah intrumen yang membuatku bisa lolos, eh lulus dan dinyatakan sebagai Sarjana Fakultas Geografi UGM. Jurusan Kartografi dan Penginderaan Jauh,,,tidak kusangka kalau aku akhirnya masuk ke Jurusan tersebut..berbekal nilai Fotogrametri yang saat itu belum keluar-keluar (seharusnya kudapat B, dengan bermodal awal nilai C)..anyway thanks to Bapak Dosen yang mengajar Fotri.

Apa itu Argo Float??
Pada awalnya ku bener-bener tidak tahu tentang Argo Float, sampai sekarangpun belum pernah melihat langsung float tersebut.,.hehe
cuman melihat dari gambar dan video peluncuran Argo Float,,
Wikipidea..juga menuliskan apa itu Argo
Argo is an observation system for the Earth's oceans that provides real-time data for use in climate, weather, oceanographic and fisheries research.[1] [2] [3] Argo consists of a large collection of small, drifting oceanic robotic probes deployed worldwide. The probes float as deep as 2 km. Once every 10 days, the probes surface, measuring conductivity and temperature profiles to the surface. From these salinity and density can be calculated. The data are transmitted to scientists on shore via satellite. The data collected are freely available to everyone, without restrictions. The initial project goal was to deploy 3,000 probes, completed in November 2007.

What is Argo?

Argo is a global array of 3,000 free-drifting profiling floats that measures the temperature and salinity of the upper 2000 m of the ocean. This allows, for the first time, continuous monitoring of the temperature, salinity, and velocity of the upper ocean, with all data being relayed and made publicly available within hours after collection.

Setelah melihat situsnya http://www-argo.ucsd.edu/

Sekarang jumlah Argo Float yang mengapung di kedalaman sekitar 2000an meter dan muncul ke permukaan untuk sekedar mengirimkan data yang direkamnya saat dia naik ke permukaan.

Kelangkaan data observasi yang berkesinambungan dari atmosphere, ocean dan daratan untuk pemodelan iklim merupakan alasan dibutuhkannya data dari Argo Float..
Argo Float diharapkan dapat memberikan gambaran observasi kelautan untuk menggambarkan kondisi suhu dan salinitas secara kontinyu.

Who Collaborates with Argo?
Argo is a major contributor to the WCRP's Climate Variability and Predictability Experiment (CLIVAR) project and to the Global Ocean Data Assimilation Experiment (GODAE). The Argo array is part of the Global Climate Observing System/Global Ocean Observing System GCOS/ GOOS).

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AVISO
Data Argo Float dicek dengan data altimetri...http://ajiputrap.blogspot.com/2008/10/argo-float-altimetry.html

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tertarik untuk membaca-baca aplikasi Argo Float dan Data Citra Satelit Penginderaan Jauh Resolusi Rendah yakni citra NOAA-AVHRR dan citra Aqua MODIS dikaji untuk suhu permukaan laut di Samudera Hindia, Pengolahan Argo Float yang mempunyai format data NetCDF menggunakan Ocean Data View (ODV), Pengolahan citra Aqua MODIS dengan SeaDAS???

Beberapa link tentang Argo Float:
http://ajiputrap.blogspot.com/sst-argo.html
http://www.argo.ucsd.edu/FrComplete_float_bib.html

Pengolahan Data Argo Float (yang berformat NetCDF) dengan Ocean Data View :
http://ajiputrap.blogspot.com/2007/07/about-argo-float-2.html
http://ajiputrap.blogspot.com/2008/05/ocean-data-view.html
Langkah-langkah pengolahan data (NetCDF) Argo Float untuk ekstraksi suhu dan salinitas:
http://ajiputrap.blogspot.com/petunjuk-ODV.html
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tentang SeaDAS untuk MODIS: http://ajiputrap.blogspot.com/search/label/SeaDAS

Untuk membaca-baca tulisan tentang Argo Float dan Data Penginderaan Jauh :
Silahkan mengunduh skripsinya download SKRIPSI AJI



Salam,

Aji Putra Perdana
- free gis'er and raster's -

Argo Float - Altimetry ?

Image of the month - September 2008


RMS of the differences between Sea Level Anomalies (SLA) and the Dynamic Height Anomalies computed from Argo measurements, as percentage of the SLA variance. One point represents the value for one float time series at its mean position: left, all floats, right, floats showing anomalous values. The background field for left map corresponds to the reference. (Credits CLS/Coriolis)


Altimetry and Argo Float data ???

News from AVISO website


Altimetry to check Argo quality


The Argo array, consisting in 3,000 autonomous floats drifting in the ocean, has been fully deployed for nearly one year now . It is complementary of altimetry since it gives an in-depth view of the global ocean. The floats are, of course, calibrated and tested before being launched, but many things can happen that lead to malfunctions, drifts or bias in the measurements. Altimetry can be used to validate those.

A good part of altimetry's sea level anomalies variations are due to temperature and/or salinity changes. Which are what Argo floats measure. So height anomalies can be computed from Argo and compared to altimetry. They won't match exactly -- due to the variations not linked to either temperature or salinity, and to what's happening at great depths (below 900 m). But they should be close enough, and big deviations of one from the other may be due do problems in one of the two measurements. If we take altimetry as reference, this enable to check the quality of the Argo floats using a totally independent technique.












Examples of comparisons between SLA and DHA for specific floats. Up, an example where the float and altimetry correlate well, down another that shows a progressive drift of the DHA time series regarding the SLA time series as the float is traveling from east to west in the Tropical Atlantic Ocean. (Credits CLS/Coriolis)

Websites on this subject:
International Argo project home page
Coriolis data distribution center
References:
Guinehut, S., C. Coatanoan, A-L. Dhomps, P-Y. Le Traon, G. Larnicol, On the use of satellite altimeter data in Argo quality control, JAOT, 2008 (accepted).


source information : http://www.aviso.oceanobs.com/en/news/idm/2008/sep-2008-altimetry-to-validate-argo/index.html